Thursday, July 26, 2012

MODULE 1 - ARYABHATTA


ARYABHATTA (476 - 550)




Born
476 AD (1707-04-15)
 
Died
550 AD
Residence
Kusumapura or Pataliputra (Patna)
Nationality
Indian
Fields
Mathematics, Astronomy
Institutions
Nalanda University

Aryabhatta was the first of great Hindu mathematician. He is also known as Aryabhatta I. He lived at Kusumapura or Pataliputra in ancient Magadhar or modern Patna.  He was born in 476 AD.
 At the age of 23 years Aryabhatt wrote two books on astronomy (1) Aryabhatiya (2) Arya-siddhanta. The aryabhatt deals with both mathematics and astronomy. It contains 121 stanzas in all. Aryabhatt is divided into 4 chapters called Pada (section)
v  Pada 1 – GitikaPada – 13 stanzas of basis definition of important astronomical parameters and tables.
v  Pada 2 – Ganita Pada – 33 stanzas deals with mathematics. The topics are geometrical figures with their properties and mensurations, series, linear and quadratic equations, methods for extracting the square roots, the cube roots etc.
v  Pada 3 – Kalakriya Pada – 25 stanzas deals with the true position of sun, moon and planets.
v  Pada 4 – Gola Pada – 50 stanzas deals with the motion of sun, moon and planets on the celestial sphere.



ARYABHATTA CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS
NUMBER NOTATION
Ø  Numerical values: he made a notation system in which digits are denoted with the help of alphabet numerals e.g., 1 = ka, 2 = Kha, etc.
Aryabhatta assigned numerical values to the 33 consonants of the Indian alphabet to represent 1,2,3…25,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100.
Ø  Notation system: He invented a notation system consisting of alphabet numerals Digits were denoted by alphabet numerals. In this system devanagiri script contain varga letters (consonants) and avarga letters (vowels).1-25 are denoted by 1st 25 varga letters.
Ø  Place-value: Aryabhatta was familiar with the place-value system.
Ø  He knew numeral symbols and the sign for zero
Ø  Square root & cube root: His calculations on square root and cube root would not have been possible without the knowledge of place values system and zero. He has given methods of extracting square root cube root along with their explanation.
Ø  Interest: He formulated for the first time in India the formula for interest, time and other related ones, in the problems of interest.
ALGEBRA
Ø  Integer solutions: Aryabhatta was the first one to explore integer solutions to the equations of the form by =ax+c and by =ax-c, where a,b,c are integers. He used kuttuka method to solve problems.
Ø  Indeterminate equations: He gave general solutions to linear indeterminate equations ax+by+c= 0 by the method of continued fraction.
Ø  Identities: He had dealt with identities like (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2and ab={(a+b)2-(a2-b2)}/2
Ø  He has given the following formula in aryabhatia
12+22+32+---------+n2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
13+23+33+---------+n3 = (1+2+3+------------+)2= {n2(n+1)2}/4
Ø  Algebraic quantities: He has given the method of addition, subtraction, multiplication of simple and compound algebraic quantities
Ø  Arithmetic series: He was given a formula for summing up of the arithmetic series after the Pth term The rule is S= n[a+{(n-1)/2+p} d]
S=(a+1) n/2
GEOMETRY
Ø  Discover the P  Value : The credit for discovering the exact values P may be ascribed to the celebrated mathematician Aryabhatta.
Rule: Add 4 to 100, multiply by 8, add 62000. The result is approximately the circumference of a circle of diameter twenty thousand. By this rule the relation of the circumference to diameter is given.
This gives P =62832/20000=3.1416. Which is an accurate value of P. Aryabhatta discovered this value independently and also realized that P is an irrational number
Ø  Pythagorean Theorem: The Pythagorean theorem is stated as follows in his work “the square of the Bhuja (base) plus the square of the koti (perpendicular) is the square of the Karna”
(Buja and koti are the sides of a right-angled triangle. The Karna is the hypotenuse)
Ø  Circle Theorem: He has postulated a theorem relating to circle as follows “In a circle the product of two Saras is the square of the half chord of the two arcs” i.e. a*b=c2 where c is half the chord and the saras or arrows are the segments of a diameter which bisect any chord.
Ø  Formula: Aryabhatta gives formulae for the areas of a triangle, square, rectangle, rhombus, circle etc.
TRIGONOMETRY
Ø  Sine Table: Aryabhatta gave a table of sines for calculating the approximate values at intervals of 90/24 = 3 45’. This was done using the formula for
sin (n+1)x -  sin nx in terms of sin nx and sin (n-1) x.
Ø  Versine: He introduced the versine (versin = 1-cosine) into trigonometry.

ASTRONOMY
Ø  Earth: Aryabhatta gave the circumference of the earth as 4 967 yojanas and its diameter as 1 5811/24 yojanas. Since1 yojana =5miles this gives the circumference as 24,835 miles, which is an excellent approximation to the currently accepted value of 24,902 miles.
Ø  He believes that the orbits of the planets are ellipses. He correctly explains the caused of eclipses of the Sun and the Moon.
Ø  Length of year: His value for the length of the year at 365 days 6 hours 12 minutes 30 seconds is an overestimate since the true value is less than 365 days and 6 hours.







Aryabhatta was one of those ancient scholars of India who is hardly surpassed by any one else of his time in his treatise on mathematics and astronomy. In appreciation of his great contributions to mathematics and astronomy, the government of India named the first satellite sent into space on 19-4-1975 as aryabhatta, after him.

59 comments:

  1. Thank u very much sir...........Ur blogs had help me greatly in completing my school assignments......


    THANK U SIR....

    ReplyDelete
  2. Replies
    1. DEAR DEVANSHU THANK U FOR UR COMMENTS. SURELY I WILL POST SOME OF THE NEW MATHEMATICIANS HISTORY TO THIS BLOG IN FUTURE. PLEASE REFER MY BLOG AND GIVE UR VALUABLE SUGGESTION TO ME.

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    2. Thiyagasuriya.. I do not think Aryabhatta contributed in Pythagorean Theorem.. It was Pythagoras

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  3. Thanks sir u r helping me alot :D :D

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  4. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  5. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  6. a big thank to u sir

    I COMPLETED MY WINTER HOLIDAYS HOMEWORK

    ReplyDelete
  7. this is very valuable ,thank you very much sir

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  8. GR8 Helpfullllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll l
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    Replies
    1. thank you raghav for visiting my blog.

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    2. THIS IS SUCH A NICE BLOG...BUT IT CAN BE MORE IF CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOME OTHER MATHEMATICIANS BE UPLOADED..THIS HELPED ME VERY VERY MUCH IN MY MATHS PROJECT...SO PLS FURTHER UPLOAD SOME OTHER MATHEMATICIANS CONTRIBUTIONS,,

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  9. thanks a lot
    it has helped me to complete my assingments

    ReplyDelete
  10. thaks sir to help me in complete my projet

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  11. Thnks . But if it would have been in a paragraph it would have been very easy for us .

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  12. Thanx!!!!!!! It helped me to know more about Aryabhatta.

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  13. Thank u very much it helpeddd me a lot in completing my maths assingment. Thankkkkkkkk uuuuuuu veryyyyyy muchhhhhhh

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  14. Thank u very much it helpeddd me a lot in completing my maths assingment. Thankkkkkkkk uuuuuuu veryyyyyy muchhhhhhh

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  15. thank you,you helped me a lot

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  16. thank you very much for valuable information.

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  17. We need always ur service do u remember me i attend ur class lots

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  18. Thank you sir, It helped me a lot in my oral test. Hope there will be other historical figures too.

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    Replies
    1. thank you for your kind words. i wish you for all success in your future endeavors.

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  19. thank you ......................

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  20. My man of mathematics sir ARYABHATTA feeling proud of you sir ur the man of the universe hats off

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  21. U r doing a great work sir thank u so much for helping all of us we salut ur hardwork

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  22. U r doing a great work sir thank u so much for helping all of us we salut ur hardwork

    ReplyDelete
  23. thanks for such a precious information

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  24. Please give the method given by aryabhat for extracting sq root and cube root

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  25. Can you please give me the method of aryabhat for extracting the sq root and cube root

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  26. Very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very thank u because I don't get this anywhere in gogle

    ReplyDelete
  27. DO you want your own domain for free like (example.tk, exapmle.ml) ?

    ReplyDelete
  28. Sir area of circle formula by using aryabatta

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  29. It is very helpfull.
    Thankyou 🙏🙏

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  30. A truthful and trustworthy information by the publisher.
    Although many are saying that the Pythagoras Theorem was not invented or discovered by Aryabhatta but actually they are wrong the main fact between this is that it was invented by Aryabhatta but in a proper way it was discovered by Pythagoras actually the main hands behind this was Aryabhatta.
    This information served as a positive information for the youngsters.

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  31. Thankkkkuuuuuuu so much sir ,it is too usefull for my school assignment

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  32. It should be BCE 470 not AD 470.

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    Essay on Aryabhatta for Students and Children

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